Children with special needs
Submitted By Nimi Sunil on 20 April 2017
Exams »Ktet »Study Notes »Children With Special Needs
Submitted By Nimi Sunil on 20 April 2017
Children with special needs include the
1. The characteristics and classroom adaptations of visually impaired are
Characteristic- Totally blind, functional blindness, low vision are included,
affects the child's learning motor development social adjustment and interaction
Classroom adaptations-Teaching materials should not rely fully on visuals like
chalk boards, printout, projector, LCD. Teacher expresses verbally giving extra
support
2. The characteristics and classroom adaptations of Hearing impaired are
Characteristic-
Hearing loss that adversely affects educational performance, adverse affects on
language learning, development of speaking skills and social functioning
Classroom adaptations - These students need a lot of visual supplements
3. The characteristics and classroom adaptations of Physical Disabilities
are
Characteristics - Orthopedic impairments, impair physical movement, neuro motion
impairments
Classroom adaptations - Personal space, extra time, assistance of technology
4. The characteristics and classroom adaptations of Speech impairment are
Characteristics - Speech that deviates from ordinary speech and hence cannot be
comprehended, interferes with communication, (articulation disorders, voice
disorders and fluency disorders)
Classroom adaptations - Teachers need patience in trying to understand these
students. Give opportunities for written representation instead of oral; Give
the child time to respond.
5. The characteristics and classroom adaptations of Autism are
Characteristics - Developmental disorder with impairments in communication
social and emotional functioning, problems in social interactions responding to
others, bizarre and stereotypical behavior.
Classroom adaptations- A picture schedule for instruction,
Environment without distraction, Verbal reminders of what will happen next, a
quiet place to retire, scope for social interaction and imitations of social
stories
6. The characteristics and classroom adaptations of mentally challenged
are
Characteristics - Inadequate intellectual functioning, deficits in adaptive
behavior could be genetic, due to brain damage before, during or just after
birth.
Classroom adaptations- Individualized instruction to meet the child's needs. Be
sensitive to the child's self esteem. Use concrete examples and illustrations.
Have positive expectations. Provide support in developing adaptive skills. Look
for resource support. Use applied behavior analysis strategies.
7. The characteristics and classroom adaptations of Specific Learning
Disabilities are
Characteristics - Children of normal or even above average intelligence,
difficulty in one or more academic areas, have no other diagnosed problem or
disorder. The three common academic areas of disability are reading, writing and
mathematics.
Classroom adaptations- Take the needs of the child while planning lessons and
make necessary modifications. Provide adaptations while testing and assignment,
Highlighting underlining etc, Improve organizational skills and modify study
habits, Provide supplements according to their needs.
8. The characteristics and classroom adaptations of ADHD are
Characteristics - Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, dose not attend to
the teacher's instruction, easily distracted and cannot sit still in the class,
difficulty in focusing on one thing, do not think before acting.
Classroom adaptations- Simplify instructions, supplement verbal instructions
with visual instruction, Involve resource teachers, State clear expectations and
give immediate feedback, Use behavior management strategies (positive feedback),
connect learning to real life experiences, use variety of activities and
technology
9. The characteristics and classroom adaptations of emotional and
behavioral are
Characteristics -Serious, persistant problems that involve relationships,
aggression depression and fears
Classroom adaptations - Develop a supportive context. Have a close bond with
parents, Use peer mediation and support, Make them feel more secure, be firm but
kind.
Hena has difficulty to work independently without listening to the words of the
teacher, she frequently gets up from her seat to sharpen th pencil and look out
of the window. She rarely completes her homework. To which category of children
with special needs, does hena include (ktet 2016 )
1. Mental retardation
2. ADHD
3. Down's syndrome
4. Cerebral palsy
2. ADHD full form ---
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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